The Central star of our solar system is the Sun. It is a round ball of gases and plasma which generates its own energy through nuclear fusion in its core. The diameter of the sun is 110 times larger than Earth. We can say that about one million earth are equal to the Sun, meaning one million earth could fit inside the Sun. The sun is a ball of gases and plasma which produce light and heat and it is the only source of light for the solar system. There are two layers of the sun, first is the Inner Layer which are Core, Radiative Zone, and Convection Zone and the second is Outer Layer which are Photosphere, Chromosphere Transition Region, and Corona.
The temperature of the sun is about 15 million degrees Celsius, which is sufficient to sustain thermonculear fusion. The Sun's surface is 500 kilometer-thick region from which most of the Sun’s radiation escapes outward and is detected as the sunlight we observe here on Earth about eight minutes after it leaves the Sun. Sunspots in the photosphere are areas with strong magnetic fields that are cooler and thus darker than the surrounding region.
The number of sunspots goes up and down every 11 years as part of the Sun’s magnetic activity cycle. The Sun is intertwined with this recurring pattern, which includes dazzling solar flares and massive coronal mass ejections forcefully emitted by its surface. The photosphere, with a scorching temperature of approximately 5500 degrees Celsius, plays a crucial role in this celestial cycle.
Above the photosphere lies the tenuous chromosphere and the corona visible light from these top regions is usually too weak to be seen against the brighter photosphere, but during total solar eclipses, when the Moon covers the photosphere, the chromosphere can be seen as a red rim around, the Sun while the corona forms a beautiful white crown with plasma streaming outward, forming the points of the crown. As one ascends above the photosphere, the temperature soars, climbing to extraordinary heights of up to 2 million degrees Celsius.
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